The polymer matrix is developed via a step growth or addition polymerisation and is usually an epoxy, vinylester or polyester thermosetting plastic. FRP are chiefly created through molding processes, where a mold is used to place a fiber preform – containing balsalt, carbon, an aramid, or even glass – into the matrix. Occasionally asbestos, wood or paper can be incorporated instead.
After wetting and curing, the fibers and matrix take on the shape of the mold. The resulting structure has a greater mechanical strength and elasticity than the original plastic, toughened by the addition of the reinforcing fiber or filament, which plays a critical role in differentiating the parent polymer from the FRP.
Common Properties
The characteristics of fiber-reinforced plastics hinge upon factors such as the mechanical properties of the matrix and the fiber, the volumes of both and the length and orientation of the fibers in the matrix.
FRPs have a low weight but are incredibly strong, and have good fatigue, impact and compression properties. This makes them of great interest to the motor industry who aim to replace metal with lighter weight materials to not only make the cars stronger but more fuel efficient.